Alcohol spray vs. intradermal lidocaine before intravenous cannulation.

procedures is multifactorial. It may be associated with the insertion of ports or due to the low abdominal incision for the extraction of the kidney. Pelvic organ nociception or diaphragmatic irritation from residual pneumoperitoneum (which could cause shoulder-tip discomfort) may cause pain, too. Ureteric colic and urinary catheter discomfort may also contribute to the development of postoperative pain in these patients. Presented data highlighted several main conclusions. Firstly, although we already knew that pain perception is very complex and is influenced by many factors, reported studies had shown that postoperative pain following LDN is perceived differently amongst different populations. Secondly, NSAIDs, initially banned in this group of patients because of potential renal damage, have a significant role in decreased opioid consumption and early mobilization with minimal side-effects in well-hydrated laparoscopic kidney donors. Thirdly, surgical technique has implications on postoperative pain perception: our patients had intraperitoneal laparoscopic surgery, while low morphine consumption has been reported in retroperitoneal surgery. The future of postoperative pain treatment in laparoscopic LDN is in furthering the multimodal approach, including regional techniques like paravertebral block, retroperitoneal surgical approach and bowel rest.